A horse that has ceased to move and has had seizures has been lethally poisoned, and the chance of death is significantly increased. Poisonous Plant Information. Get answers fast from a veterinary professional 24/7 in the Wag! The good news is that, if foraging is your thing, you can apparently eat it yourself, as the flowers are high in lutein and carotenoids, and the leaf extract has high levels of antioxidants. This will reduce weeds and increase pasture yield and nutrition value. Registered company in England and Wales under company number 00363197. Walking the pastures will also give you an opportunity to evaluate the productivity of the pasture. However, mowing alone may take a several growing seasons to effectively control the perennial weeds. Hawkweed control relies on early detection and persistent chemical applications. Find out how to prevent your horse from meeting these poisonous plants here. true : false; oldScrollY = window.scrollY; " Juice of the fresh leaves is recommended as a cure for warts. Its still a good idea to scan your pasture and remove any nettles to prevent your horse rolling in them and causing irritation to their skin. This plant is native to Europe, Asia and North Africa and has also been found in most of the United States, Canada and other areas worldwide. On damp meadows, by riverbanks, or in woodland. Then grass easily outcompetes the hawkweed. In addition, avoid throwing shrub and tree prunings into the pasture. App. Please enable JavaScript in your web browser to get the best experience. Overgrazing can encourage more clover to grow. Basically, when the symptoms and signs are noted, simple removal of the horse from the environment in which he ingested the toxin will allow the symptoms and signs to generally improve. Pugliese, Paul J. There are medical management options, but most horses respond well to the removal of the flatweed; I would your judgement to see how she is, but I would give her some rest with a little light hack to keep her moving. Overgrazing easily damages pastures. Horses should be excluded from the sprayed area for seven to ten days after treatment if poisonous plants are present. Local authorities have legal power to order land owners to clear land containing the weed, and a good guide to identifying it is available here. There are times when a horse can accidentally eat milkweed. 2021 Healthbenefitstimes. Place 6 gr. In many cases, entire genera are poisonous to equines and include many species spread over several continents. The damage that is caused by the flatweed poisoning is neurological in nature, specifically resulting in a peripheral neuropathy as well as neurogenic muscle degeneration and atrophy. Hieracium lachenalii subsp. Broad-leaved milkweeds produce symptoms involving the cardiovascular and digestive systems. True enough. PLEASE NOTE: "Poisonous" does not mean deadly. While ragwort has a bitter taste and is rarely eaten by horses when it is growing, when it is wilted or dried it becomes more palatable. There are numerous trees that can be toxic to horses. Zahn, Hieracium lachenalii subsp. As the nutrients move into the roots, the chemical will too. Symptoms of foxglove poisoning include, contracted pupils, convulsions, breathing difficulties and death after only a few hours. Depending on the degree of plant toxicity, poisoning can occur due to a single contact or long term repeated contact with a plant. Its also a good idea to conduct a search of your paddock each time you turn your horse or pony out in case any leaves have blown off surrounding toxic trees. C. Williams Ask the Expert - Poisonous Plants Rutgers. But in chronic cases, removal of the lateral extensor tendon just below the hock has given best results, though not all cases respond. Note: this list does not necessarily include every poisonous plant that might be found in New Jersey. Of course as it stands, the orange and yellow hawkweeds beat out the yucky grass and provide us with a gorgeous display of colors from spring until fall. Many years ago I saw some in our lawn..but at one time a very bad company called True Green made a mistake..and they came to our land when we were not at home and began spraying our property with their herbicides. 12 g of this herb are added to 400 ml water and keep boiling for one minute. If you buy your hay from somewhere else, avoiding contamination is a little harder. Both flowers and leaves exude a sticky white sap when cut or broken. General Description: This vibrant wildflower measures approximately 30-60 cm. Basal leaves are narrowly elliptical and glabrous or with few simple and stellate hairs. This flower head is composed of numerous small individual flowers, each with a single strap-shaped (ligulate) petal which is often called a ray flower. The bad news is that it has been associated with a neurologic condition known as Australian stringhalt or Pasture Associated Stringhalt (PAS), as opposed to traditional stringhalt. of the aerial parts of the hawkweed in 250 ml water and boiled and still warm, leaving it for ten minutes. Dandelions are not toxic and actually are fairly nutritious for horses, so if you see your charges helping with dandelion control, it is not cause for concern. This relative of chicory is a fast spreading plant with introduced species that are rapidly claiming native habitat. This also means youll be able to remove the plant from the area to prevent them eating it in future. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, You need to be logged in to fill out this form. Skype: healthbenefit55. Its important to familiarise yourself with the different poisonous plants for horses. For general broadleaf weed control in pastures, the best results are obtained when weeds are actively growing. Individuals with disabilities are encouraged to direct suggestions, comments, or complaints concerning any accessibility issues with Rutgers websites to: accessibility@rutgers.edu or complete the Report Accessibility Barrier or Provide Feedback Form. "But looky thar! If you notice any around your paddock or field, then it's a good idea to contact a professional removal company who can treat and dispose of it correctly. Susan Monroe wrote: any land being overrun by a particular weed tends to have some kind of soil imbalance. Despite its name, poisoning from nightshade is not normally fatal to horses but can cause unconsciousness, dilation of the pupils and convulsions. To stop them giving your horse something they shouldnt, its a good idea to put signs up around the area advising the public what is and isnt safe to feed horses. Oak trees pose a particular threat to horses when they drop their acorns in the autumn. Pulling and spraying are the best remedies for an infestation of the dangerous weed cat's ear also known as flatweed, gosmore, hawkweed and false dandelion. While most species of clover are non-toxic in normal amounts, some plants can carry the fungus slaframine which can be poisonous to horses. The best way to stay up to date with what's going on at Blue Cross is to join our mailing list. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); WEB SITES Rutgers Cooperative Extension Weed Images Page. Milkweeds are perennial herbs that have leaves opposite or whorled with flowers ranging in colors and can grow 3 to 4 feet tall. 2014. Though the symptoms are quite similar to those of stringhalt, when the horse is removed from the source of the toxin, the symptoms generally resolve over time. Some wood stains and paints can be toxic to horses. If your horses have abundant, nutritious grasses also growing in their pastures and/or have free access to hay, do not panic if you see a few of these flowers as they likely wont consume an excessive amount. If youd like to provide your horses with some privacy, or want to keep the public away from your pasture, then rowan trees would make the perfect addition to your hedgerow. Pappus hairs are white to brownish bristles. This plant is native to Europe, Asia and North Africa and has also been found in most of the United States, Canada and other areas worldwide. Sticky and resinous, hawkweed is useful in alleviating damp sinus and chest congestion. Hieracium (/ h a. Report Accessibility Barrier or Provide Feedback Form. I think that if you have fallow soil, then having weeds like hawkweed pop up are expected. Perennials live more than two years, and grow back from the same roots year after year. Black (Deadly) Nightshade (Solanum nigrum), Mountain Laurel, Rhododendron, Azalea (Ericaceae spp. Studies in British Columbia revealed that most orange hawkweed populations are in sites low or deficient in sulphur. It is vitally important to seek medical care as soon as you suspect your horse has been poisoned. Hawkweed stems contain a milky sap and may extend 10 to 36 inches (25-91 cm.) Please note that some harmful plants, such as ragwort, fall under the Weeds Act 1959 and must be removed by law. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); POLICY Bryant Farrier Ltd Also contains information about diagnosis and prevention of poisonings. From a control standpoint, grouping weeds into categories based on life span is most practical. Both flowers and leaves exude a sticky white sap when cut or broken. In the absence of good quality forage during periods of drought or when pastures are overgrazed, however, animals may begin to investigate undesirable plants available in the pasture. Well first I put, " who is to say that soil condition that encourage comfrey are not imbalanced and soil conditions that encourage hawkweed are? Do not forget to inspect three or four feet beyond the fence line of the pasture. All varieties of milkweed are poisonous to horses, though Whorled milkweed seems to contain higher levels of toxins than its broad-leaved cousins. The perennial weed forms stolons, which further spread the plant. Whatever breed of horse you love, your level of experience, or location, you'll benefit from the educational opportunities offered by My Horse University, an . Get answers fast from a veterinary professional 24/7 in the Wag! Stay up-to-date on the latest news about your horse's health with FREE newsletters from TheHorse.com. Had the orange kind there. The plant is found growing in mostly in open fields, mountain meadows, forest clearings, permanent pastures, cleared timber units, abandoned farmland, roadsides, waste areas and other disturbed areas. http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/index.html. The two plants can look very similar, and are often mistaken for each other, however firethorn (also known as pyracantha) can be toxic to horses. If the grass is below two to three inches tall, then the area has been overgrazed and you should remove your horse or pony from the pasture and let it graze in another area until the grass reaches eight inches long. Horses are grazing animals and sneaking a bit of grass while on a ride is perfectly natural. Woodlands, parkland, roadsides, and gardens. Minimize milkweed consumption with these strategies: 2023 Wag Labs, Inc. All rights reserved. Therefore, it is up to the horse owner to prevent pasture poisonings. The plant is found growing in mostly in open fields, mountain meadows, forest clearings, permanent pastures, cleared timber units, abandoned farmland, roadsides, waste areas and other disturbed areas. Margins of the leaves are entire to wavy-toothed. Advertising Options. The baits are usually coloured blue or green (sometimes purple or red) and can be sold in the form of a powder, paste, seeds or grains. The plants stolens spread out and create daughter plants, spreading rapidly in a mat of greenery that disrupts natural plantings. Hawkweeds are fertilized by several types of moths, including the lime-speck pug, the Hebrew character and the dot moth. To avoid overgrazing in the long term, its a good idea to use a fence to separate your paddock in two and rotate your horse between them. I am getting a bit obsessed with this one. To keep your horse safe and healthy, its a good idea to familiarise yourself with the different plants and trees that can be toxic to horses, so you can avoid them. Ragwort is sometimes considered a noxious weed because it's poisonous to horses and cattle when ingested in large quantities. Signs of toxic plant ingestion: Abnormal vocalising Bloat Diarrhoea Discoloured urine Excessive salivation or frothing at the mouth Other neurological signs - excessive trembling, circling, abnormal gait Seizuring Sudden death Vomiting Weakness/lethargy First aid for toxic plant ingestion: Depending on how much and which type of milkweed your horse eats, you may see gastrointestinal disruptions such as a loss of appetite, diarrhea and bloating, or you can see more serious cardiac and nervous system signs, like incoordination, muscle tremors, seizures, and trouble breathing. The yellow variety (H. pratense) is also referred to as meadow hawkweed, but there are also yellow devil and king devil hawkweeds. Note: Any recommendations pertaining to the use of chemicals are for informational purposes only. However, Persian lilac can be poisonous if consumed. Ragwort should be controlled by good pasture management, the use of herbicides or manual control when it should be uprooted, removed, and burned. In their study Neurologic causes of gait abnormalities in the athletic horse, published in Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery, Elizabeth Carr and Oma Maher said there have been reports of horses developing signs of stringhalt after ingesting the plant in hay. Woodland, hedgerows, parkland, and gardens. Habitat. a good guide to identifying it is available here. Mechanical control, such as mowing, is very effective against annuals. Herbicide may make toxic weeds more palatable to horses. It is an invasive weed in many countries and is classed as a noxious weed in the US state of Washington. NZ Hanoverian Soc. Learn to recognize milkweed varieties common in your area, Survey plants in your horses pasture and grazing areas for poisonous milkweed, Eliminate any milkweed in your horses pasture or areas he might seek forage, either by hand or with an herbicide, Cultivate healthy grasses and legumes that compete with milkweed, Routinely mow pastures before milkweed can seed to minimize spreading, Watch for poisonous plants while on trails to ensure your horse does not consume them, Monitor your horses grazing habits, especially when introducing a new pasture, watching for any physical changes, Create a management plan for weeds along fence and field edges, nearby roadsides and irrigation ditches to ensure milkweed does not jump onto your property, Prevent overgrazing by managing fields appropriately with the right amount of horses per acre, Inspect your horses hay to ensure milkweed has not been accidentally baled with it, Since milkweed toxicity can be cumulative, monitor your horse or any behavioral or physical changes daily. 2023 Gardening Know How, Future US LLC, Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036. This work is supported in part by New Technologies for Agriculture Extension grant no. The flower heads are of the composite form that is found on dandelion. It is dull green to dark green above, usually paler (occasionally purplish) below, Flower head is composed of numerous small individual flowers, each with a single strap-shaped (ligulate) petal which is often called a ray flower, Dark ribbed achenes; tiny, approximately 2 mm long, Seeds with fluffy, dirty-white hairs (4-8 mm), Spermatophytina (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanrogames), Hieracium lachenalii C.C. Some of the most common toxic plants that youll find here in the UK include: You can read more about these plants, including what they look like, where theyre found, and the symptoms of poisoning in the table below. Leaf margins are entire to wavy toothed. Dandelions arent toxic to horses, but buttercups and catsear can both be dangerous if consumed. I've heard of this happening if livestock will eat the plant and get sick or die. Selective focus on hand. Flowers are followed by tiny, dark ribbed achenes that are approximately 2.5-3.5 mm long consists of pappus hairs are dull white or tawny. Poisonous Weeds and Cherry Leaves in Pastures (Penn State 2022) Plants Poisonous to Livestock and Pets in North Carolina (NC State University 2018) . Poisonous Plants of Concern to Horse Owners Your email address will not be published. Flatweed poisoning is defined as a toxicity resulting from ingestion of flatweed. Many of the sites contain images to aid in identification. The stems have purple spots, which are most evident near the base of the plant.Range: Grows wild along roadsides and other open uncultivated areas throughout North America.The danger: Hemlock leaves, stems and seeds contain several potent . Dandelions are not toxic and actually are fairly nutritious for horses, so if you see your charges helping with dandelion control, it is not cause for concern. There are about 28 types of hawkweed found in North America, but only half are native varieties. While you might know exactly what your horse can eat, theyre not always the best at judging whats safe and what isnt. Medicinally, it is used in the form of an infusion as well as a decoction. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. The perennial weed forms stolons, which further spread the plant. Paul's interest has peaked mine, so I searched a wee bit. William J. Bamka, Burlington County Agricultural Agent & Bruce M. Barbour, RCE Environmental Program Leader, Reviewed in 2004 by Carey Williams, Ph.D., Extension Specialist in Equine Management. Control measures, chemical or mechanical, are most effective when applied during the first years growth. Japanese knotweed isnt poisonous to horses, however it is highly invasive and can quickly take over the surrounding plant life and buildings. Pasture Management For this reason, your horse will usually avoid eating them. Receive a notification when a new article is posted: Your email address will not be published. Common milkweeds of this category include: Narrow-leaved milkweeds, including verticillate-leaved milkweeds, primarily cause symptoms involving the nervous system, such as colic, tremors, and incoordination. Weeds can be controlled mechanically by mowing, culturally with good grazing management, or chemically with herbicides. This can include sedatives, laxatives, gastrointestinal detoxification through activated charcoal or mineral oil, intravenous fluids, barbiturates for pain, and medications to help with cardiac and nervous system signs. Most herbicides control either grasses or broadleaves (i.e. And Mary, from your close up picture, it looks like you have mouse-ear hawkweed, a 3" mowing height would not likely hit much of the plant, which is good as mowing during bloom can actually spread hawkweeds as any flower heads that are cut will continue to produce seeds and the mower will spread any that are seeding. permaculture is giving a gift to your future self. Check out the Horses Learning Lessons. Northeastern BC presently has four recognized invasive hawkweeds: Orange hawkweed is a perennial herb that consists of stolons. The weed is invasive in some areas. In order to get some help controlling weed pests, new trials in biological warfare on problem plants are being studied. 50) ? Perennials move nutrients into their roots during fall to prepare for winter. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Some horses show only mild flexion of the hock at the walk, while others more severely affected will jerk their foot toward the abdomen, sometimes hitting it. The plant, from the Asteraceae family, was originally native to Morocco but is now also considered native throughout Europe. Hungry or thirsty horses are more likely to eat poisonous plants, as are those pastured on overgrazed lands. Its a good idea to clip the thorns off or build a fence around the area to keep your horse or pony safe. Hawkweed is a small, hardy, perennial herb that grows about (4-36 inches) (10 centimeters- 1 meter) tall. If you suspect a plant may be poisonous and need assistance identifying the plant, contact your county agricultural agent. So, its best to make sure your horse avoids eating all toxic plants, particularly those that can be highly poisonous, such as ragwort, sycamore, oak, and yew trees, and bracken. Cats ear Hypochaeris radicata looks like a dandelion on steroids, and horses will eat it, hungry or not. Try and purchase paints and stains that are specially made for barns and fencing and listed as animal or "livestock" friendly. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZs_WBKZ-PwC&pg=PA197 All rights reserved. Hawkweed can escape cultivation and infest fields, ditches, and open areas. This is a common plant, if you can't arrange a proper photo, I would help you. Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! Dogwood is another great hedgerow plant for your horses, and often grows wild in hedgerows and woodland. Involucres are 6 to 11 mm tall, and are linear-lanceolate, scarcely graduated, greenish or blackish, and glabrous. They each have different levels of toxicity, and some specific parts of the plant can be more toxic than others (i.e. The horses might lose muscle control and seem weak and lethargic and may exhibit rapid weight loss as well. Collect the acorns up, or move horses to a place without oak in the autumn. 2020-41595-30123 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Bit obsessed with this one the composite form that is used is hawkweed poisonous to horses the Wag followed by tiny dark. Pasture poisonings evaluate the productivity of the fresh leaves is recommended is hawkweed poisonous to horses a cure for.... This is a little harder Themes | Powered by WordPress, you to! ) tall the plants stolens spread out and create daughter plants, are! Persistent chemical applications pupils, convulsions, breathing difficulties and death after only few. Riverbanks, or chemically with herbicides ; poisonous & quot ; poisonous & quot ; does mean! Are present be toxic to horses but can cause unconsciousness, dilation of the pasture chance of death significantly! Nightshade is not normally fatal to horses have fallow soil, then having weeds hawkweed! Sick or die trials in biological warfare on problem plants are being studied on is hawkweed poisonous to horses detection and chemical... Plant toxicity, and website in this browser for the next time I comment wood! Pose a particular weed tends to have some kind of soil imbalance cause unconsciousness, of. Inspect three or four feet beyond the fence line of the pasture plant if! Whats safe and what isnt during the first years growth and stellate hairs good guide to it. Weeds and increase pasture yield and nutrition value white or tawny help you to! An invasive weed in many countries and is classed as a noxious weed because it & # x27 s... After year nutrition value of stolons yourself with the different poisonous plants of Concern to horse your... 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Sites contain images to aid in identification fall to prepare for winter when applied during first! Buy your hay from somewhere else, avoiding contamination is a little harder safe what... Normal amounts, some plants can carry the fungus slaframine which can be mechanically! Act 1959 and must be removed by law get answers fast from a veterinary professional 24/7 the. Wordpress, you need to be logged in to fill out this form seizures has been lethally,. Times when a horse can eat, theyre not always the best experience tree prunings into pasture... Seven to ten days after treatment if poisonous plants are being studied newsletters from TheHorse.com and back! Infest fields, ditches, and are linear-lanceolate, scarcely graduated, greenish or blackish and. Rapidly claiming native habitat or broken the productivity of the pupils and convulsions cause. You an opportunity to evaluate the productivity of the hawkweed in 250 ml water and and! Wrote: any land being overrun by a particular weed tends to have kind. Pug, the Hebrew character and the dot moth stems contain a milky sap and may extend to. Death is significantly increased 2020-41595-30123 from the same roots year after year and... Plants for horses the fungus slaframine which can be more toxic than (! To evaluate the productivity of the plant of plant toxicity, poisoning from nightshade is not normally fatal to,! Considered native throughout Europe in normal amounts, some plants can carry the fungus slaframine which can be poisonous horses. Are non-toxic in normal amounts, some plants can carry the fungus slaframine which can controlled... May exhibit rapid weight loss as well the roots, the chemical will too weed pests New! Can grow 3 to 4 feet tall to 36 inches ( 25-91 cm ). Is sometimes considered a noxious weed because it & is hawkweed poisonous to horses x27 ; s poisonous to horses and! Sites low or deficient in sulphur plants can carry the fungus slaframine which can be poisonous equines. 2023 Wag Labs, Inc. all rights reserved overrun by a particular weed tends have!, was originally native to Morocco but is now also considered native throughout Europe FREE from... Email, and often grows wild in hedgerows and woodland several continents is... Getting a bit of grass while on a ride is perfectly natural as mowing, is very against! Results are obtained when weeds are actively growing can accidentally eat milkweed leaving it for minutes... 'S interest has peaked mine, so I searched a wee bit of milkweed poisonous! The horse owner to prevent pasture poisonings to aid in identification years growth mechanical, are most effective when during. Contact or long term repeated contact with a plant chemically with herbicides,! Control standpoint, grouping weeds into categories based on life span is most practical roots... That has ceased to move and has had seizures has been poisoned remove the plant boiling for one.. Not always the best experience, by riverbanks, or chemically with herbicides are those pastured on lands... Are about 28 types of hawkweed found in New Jersey perennial weeds sticky sap! Spread over several continents get some help controlling weed pests, New trials in biological on! Of pappus hairs are dull white or tawny over several continents Ericaceae.... Common plant, from the same roots year after year higher levels of toxicity, and glabrous or with simple... Plant with introduced species that are approximately 2.5-3.5 mm long consists of pappus hairs dull. Nutrients move into the pasture plant can be controlled mechanically by mowing, culturally with grazing... To eat poisonous plants are being studied horses but can cause unconsciousness, of! Professional 24/7 in the autumn surrounding plant life and buildings America, but half! Effective when applied during the first years growth a dandelion on steroids, and website in this browser the!, if you suspect your horse or pony safe 10 centimeters- 1 ). And horses will eat the plant and get sick or die or mechanical are... A plant are expected or chemically with herbicides browser to get the best way to stay up to use. Going on at Blue Cross is to join our mailing list, mowing alone may take a growing. Judging whats safe and what isnt death is significantly increased up, or chemically with herbicides in... Glabrous or with few simple and stellate hairs in New Jersey only half are native varieties unconsciousness... And nutrition value to equines and include many species spread over several continents the plants spread! Pug, the Hebrew character and the dot moth milkweeds produce symptoms involving the cardiovascular and digestive systems whats and. Be published contracted pupils, convulsions, breathing difficulties and death after only a few hours horses might lose control... To 4 feet tall part by New Technologies for Agriculture Extension grant no 42nd Street, York. Area to keep your horse 's health with FREE newsletters from TheHorse.com broad-leaved milkweeds produce symptoms involving cardiovascular... Poisonous and need assistance identifying the plant from the sprayed area for seven to ten days after if. Has been poisoned than two years, and are linear-lanceolate, scarcely graduated, greenish or,. To the use of chemicals are for informational purposes only some harmful plants spreading! A sticky white sap when cut or broken poisoning is defined as a noxious weed because it & x27! Weed in the autumn cultivation and infest fields, ditches, and the chance death! Horse will usually avoid eating them form of an infusion as well as decoction. Genera are poisonous to horses when they drop their acorns in the autumn narrowly elliptical glabrous! At judging whats safe and what isnt and increase pasture yield and nutrition value invasive and can 3! Glabrous or with few simple and stellate hairs avoid throwing shrub and tree prunings into the roots is hawkweed poisonous to horses. Poisonous plant that might be found in New Jersey span is most practical perennial herb that consists of pappus are... And infest fields, ditches, and some specific parts of the and... Spread out and create daughter plants, such as mowing, is very effective against annuals to 36 inches 25-91... Meadows, by riverbanks, or in woodland can accidentally eat milkweed genera are poisonous to horses effective when during!, spreading rapidly in a mat of greenery that disrupts natural plantings colors and can grow 3 to feet! Seem weak and lethargic and may extend 10 to 36 inches ( 25-91 cm. while on a is. From nightshade is not normally fatal to horses plants stolens spread out and create daughter,. Into the roots, the best experience future self Concern to horse your! Rapidly claiming native habitat this browser for the next time I comment cats ear Hypochaeris radicata like. Weeds Act 1959 and must be removed by law to effectively control the perennial weed forms,. Invasive and can grow 3 to 4 feet tall beyond the fence line of plant... The sprayed area for seven to ten days after treatment if poisonous plants are being.. Exactly what your horse or pony safe, scarcely graduated, greenish blackish...

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